August, 2023 – Illuminating Engineering Society Newsletter – IES states, ““Temporal light modulation (TLM, or flicker) is an increasing phenomenon in indoor, outdoor, and vehicular applications, due to the widespread adoption of LED sources. Most LED lighting systems don’t produce problematic TLM, but for those that do, there has been a delayed recognition that certain TLM waveform characteristics and viewing conditions can result in distraction and disorientation, cognitive effects, and serious health consequences in some populations.”
July 27, 2017 – The Scientific Reason You Don’t Like LED Bulbs – Explains that LED bulb can flicker at 400 Hertz, but humans are negatively affected up to 3000 Hertz.
2011 – Exploring Flicker in Solid State Lighting – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Department of Energy). Includes statements that flicker can cause neurological problems.
2010 – LED Lighting Flicker and Potential Health Concerns – There are various reasons why LEDs can flicker and this flicker can cause seizures and other negative neurological responses.