September 16, 2024 – Visibility and annoyance of the phantom array effect varies with age and history
of migraine – Discussion of flicker and Pulse Width Modulation and their impacts.
July 12, 2024 – A Review of Contemporary Issues with Temporal Light Modulation of Lighting Systems – IEEE review paper of issues with flicker and other temporal issues. There is mention of the lack of support for sensitive persons.
2024 – Correspondence: Flicker: The sneaky perception that ranges from invisible to debilitating – PNNL researcher Naomi Miller writes that flicker is a psychological health hazard.
September 19, 2023 – LED light can falsify pulse oximetry readings via the stroboscopic effect – he pulsed light of light-emitting diodes can distort pulse oximetry measurements.
August, 2023 – Illuminating Engineering Society Newsletter – IES states, ““Temporal light modulation (TLM, or flicker) is an increasing phenomenon in indoor, outdoor, and vehicular applications, due to the widespread adoption of LED sources. Most LED lighting systems don’t produce problematic TLM, but for those that do, there has been a delayed recognition that certain TLM waveform characteristics and viewing conditions can result in distraction and disorientation, cognitive effects, and serious health consequences in some populations.”
July 1, 2021 – Altered states phenomena induced by visual flicker light stimulation – Strobing lights can induce altered consciousness.
June 30, 2021 – Study of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Subject to Pulsed LED Lighting – Pulsed light will cause a deviation of heart rate and blood pressure from that under stable light.
2021 – Flicker measurement (Temporal Light Artefact) of LED lighting – Discussion of flicker measurement.
July 27, 2017 – The Scientific Reason You Don’t Like LED Bulbs – Explains that LED bulb can flicker at 400 Hertz, but humans are negatively affected up to 3000 Hertz.
2011 – Exploring Flicker in Solid State Lighting – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Department of Energy). Includes statements that flicker can cause neurological problems.
2010 – LED Lighting Flicker and Potential Health Concerns – There are various reasons why LEDs can flicker and this flicker can cause seizures and other negative neurological responses.